Doctors of K Hospital instructs how to distinguish benign and malignant melanoma based on color, mole shape/dark spots on the skin - Photo: BVKK
According to information from K Hospital, melanoma is a malignant disease, often progressing quickly, causing early metastasis and high risk of death.The early detection of the disease will increase the effectiveness of treatment and improve the prognosis, whereas if the disease is detected late when the disease has metastasis far away, the treatment process has many expensive difficulties and efficiency as expected.
Currently, the incidence of this disease tends to increase while melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer.In 2016, there were 76,380 new cases of melanoma recorded in the US, with 10,130 deaths.
Statistics in some countries show that the macadamia doubled after 10-15 years and gradually increased with age.The highest incidence is recorded in Australia with 40/100,000 people;In the US: 12/100,000 people and in Vietnam: 0.4/100,000 people.
Risk factors increase the incidence of melanoma
1.The higher the age, the higher the incidence;
2.White people are at risk of dozens of times higher than black people, who are exposed to the sun;
3.Due to genetic factors: families with sick people, family mole syndrome;
4.Due to existing skin disease: keratinized skin, congenital pigment damage, dysplasia mole ...;
5.The incidence of disease according to men/women: 1.2/1.
Warning from ... moles
1.70% of diseases appear on congenital moles common in areas of crushing and rubbing skin.
2.U often appears into lumps or mushrooms, rarely a flat surface, black branch but sometimes red.
3.Lymph nodes: K black or metastatic lymphadenopathy, clusters of compression causes pain.Lungs, liver, brain are organs that are metastatic.
To diagnose melanoma, doctors will rely on the following factors:
Based on the progress and clinical examination of the Glasgow 7 standard, including three main standards: suspected areas (possibly moles) to change the size;Change shape or change color.
Besides, there are four secondary standards: suspected areas with a diameter greater than 7mm, with inflammation or ulcer, bleeding, itching or changing sensation, a history of moles growing fast, with black imagesCharacteristics of melanoma.Doctors will consider subclinical: Anatomy, Pet-CT ... to evaluate.
Treatment of melanoma
Like other common cancers, surgery plays a key role in treating stage melanoma early, at a late stage of surgery, symptomatic treatment.
Chemicals are often applied to K -progressive metastases that cannot be controlled by surgery.Since the day of immunotherapy, chemicals are rarely used.
After treatment, with stage cancer in the spot patients are regularly monitored each year.With <1mm lesions, the thickness of re -examination every six months in the first two years, then periodically once a year.
With 1-4mm lesions, a thickness of re-examination every four months for the first three years, then every six months.With lesions> 4mm thickness of re -examination every three months in the first three years.
Recently, K Hospital has received treatment for some people with melanoma.Typically, the case of a 50 -year -old female patient, had a black heel heel surgery two months ago at the provincial hospital (cut the tumor).
Recently, patients appearing to have inguinal lymph nodes should go to K Hospital for examination and treatment.After examining and performing tests, the patient was diagnosed with melanoma.
The treatment plan was given by the physical and musculoskeletal surgery doctors, K Hospital for the patient is the right to surgery to remove the right inguinal lymph nodes, and cut the tumor to shape the inner liver flap.
After a week surgery, the patient is stable.The results after surgery showed that the heel of the heel of melanoma T3N2M0 (two metastatic lymph nodes), the patient continued to be treated for immunity and monitor after the hospital.
Advice from K Hospital experts,To prevent melanoma can apply some measures:
- Limit and take measures to avoid direct contact with sunlight.
- Specialized examination with cases of detection of suspected lesions or a family history of people with melanoma.
- Regularly monitor and self -examination of body skin.
To detect this disease early, pay attention to the body areas, especially the open skin areas, pay attention to the change of size, color, shape of the mole.When there are suspected symptoms, choose a reputable medical facility for examination and treatment.