According to the Department of Preventive Medicine (Ministry of Health), measles is an acute infectious disease caused by a virus.In 2024, the World Health Organization issued a warning about the increase in measles cases and the risk of outbreak of Department I in many regions of the world.In our country, the situation of measles is quite complicated.On October 26, information from the Center for Disease Control Ho Chi Minh City said that last week the city continued to recognize the increase in measles cases with 131 cases (up 23.3% compared to the average.4 weeks ago).The total number of measles accumulated from the beginning of 2024 to now is 1,192 shifts.
The disease is transmitted through the respiratory tract due to the secretion of the infected nose and throat of the infected person with the air escape when the patient coughs or sneezing, talking ... so measles are easy to spread in crowded areas such as kindergartens,schools, densely populated areas, easily causing translation.
Dr.Nguyen Van Lam (National Hospital of Pediatrics) said that measles is a benign disease, but it is likely to cause immunodeficiency very quickly, so children have other diseases with other attached diseases such as pneumonia, diarrhea ....And maybe serious or death due to these opportunistic diseases.It can be said that the most ominous condition of the disease is measles complications.
Measles not only causes acute symptoms, but also leads to many respiratory, nervous and digestive complications.
Mental complications, dangerous complications of measles
Environmental - Mensise - Acute myeloma:A dangerous complication of death and high sequelae, common in older children (school age), appearing in the first week of the Board (dated 3-5 of the Board).Symptoms of the disease suddenly developed, patients with high fever, can convulsive, conscious disorders such as coma, hemiplegia or one side, paralysis of nerve number III, VII.In addition, patients often experience tower syndrome - pagoda, cerebellar, vestibular ... encephalitis can cause seizures, coma, death or serious impact on the mental and physical mental and physical of children surviving.Pregnant women who have measles may have a miscarriage, a fetus, premature birth or a small birth.
Pollal inflammation complications are manifested in the form of paralysis of the lower limbs, sphincter disorders.
Meningitis:Another form of neurological complications of measles is meningitis and meningitis after otitis caused by superinfection.
Semi -acute white encephalitis:This is a common complication but it is difficult to prognosis and leaving a severe illness, encountered at the age of 2 - 20, appearing late after a few years of measles.This shows that the measles virus can live potential for many years in the patient's body with abnormal immune response.The evolution of complications from several months to 1 year.Patients may die in a state of muscle strength and brain loss.
Beware of complications in respiratory organs
Bronchitis:Often due to superinfection, appearing at the end of the period.Manifesting fever, coughing a lot, hearing lungs with bronchial ran, white blood cells increased, on X -rays clearly see the image of bronchial inflammation ..
Bronchitis-lungs:This is a complication of superinfection, often appearing late after measles grow.When children show signs of high fever, breathing in the lungs has many bronchial rans, increased leukocytes.This complication is very dangerous and is often the cause of death in measles, especially in young children.
Laryngitis:Laryngitis complications may be encountered at the stages of measles.Complications in the early stages, due to measles virus: Appearing in the onset stage, the first stage of the rash, the complications of inflammation may be lost according to the rash, the patient with shortness of breath due to larynx spasms.Complications in the late stage are due to superinfection (common due to measles patients with staphylococcus, streptococcus, pneumococcal ...), appearing after the rash.At this time, the patient showed signs of high fever, coughing, hoarseness, shortness of breath, cyanosis.
Ear - nose - throat complications:Common is superinfected nose and throat, otitis and mastoid ear infections.The most dangerous is about 1/10 measles will have ear infections (middle ear infections) and can cause permanent deafness if not treated properly and promptly.
Serious complications for digestive organs
Oral mucosa:Complications that occur in the early stages of measles are caused by measles virus, often with the ban.Complications can occur in the late stage of measles, often due to superinfection.
Cam Cua:Due to the late appearance, due to the superinfection of a bacterium that causes an ulcerative oral mucosa, spreads deep into the jaw bone, causing necrosis of the mucosa, osteoarthritis, tooth loss, stinking breath.
Diarrhea:Also common in children with measles.Measer diarrhea is worse and has more complications than acute diarrhea due to normal viruses.
Lateal ulcerative : Can be encountered in malnourished measles, lack of vitamin A and can cause permanent blindness.
Measles in children with serious complications is mainly caused by mistakes in care
Children infected with measles have an incubation period of 7-11 days, then they have the following symptoms: high fever> 39 ° C;Inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, runny nose, prolonged dry cough, hoarseness, watery eyes, nose, cough, reception film, eye -catching eyes with wicking, swelling of the eyelids.How to identify measles: The rash grows in the first day of the first day from the beginning, face, neck, the 2nd day in the back of the arm, the third day in the abdomen, buttocks, thighs, legChildren are out of fever and start flying.
In the case of light measles, it is possible to take care of at home according to the doctor's instructions.Children with measles should be taken to the nearest medical facility when there are the following signs: Continuous high fever ≥ 39 ° C - 40 ° C;Shortness of breath, fast breathing;Tired, not eating or drinking, not playing, drowsiness ...;The whole body rash is still fever.
In fact, many children have serious measles complications due to mistakes in adult care methods.For example, keeping the child at home for too long treatment without closely monitoring the situation of children, many people abstain from water breeze, do not bathe children, causing children to suffer from superinfection on the skin, conjunctivitis ...
Some parents confuse measles and rash leads to the wrong treatment, the more severe the child's condition.In the case of conventional rash, symptoms are common, patients have floating simultaneously throughout the body small pink or smooth red spots, hidden under the skin surface.When the rash is "flying", the patient's skin will return to normal, leaving no bruises or scars.In the case of measles, the rash appears in each part, then a few days to spread to the whole body.Measles characteristics are rash on the skin, when "flying" will leave bruises on the skin.When a child has measles, there are more characteristic signs that are accompanied by runny nose, cough and red eyes.
Measles are inlaid, rash on the surface of the skin, no pain, no or less itching and no festering, floating in order.
In order to prevent measles for children, for children under 9 months of age is not enough months to get measles vaccine, they need a reasonable child care regime, supplement nutrition to increase resistance for children.Avoid contacting those who suspect measles, crowded places, not to the area with measles.Children for more than 9 months must be taken to measles vaccination and repeated the tip 2 according to the doctor's instructions.